Highbrow Magazine - gdp https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/gdp en China’s Economy Teeters While Xi Tightens His Grip https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/17093-china-s-economy-teeters-while-xi-tightens-his-grip <div class="field field-name-field-cat field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="/news-features" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">News &amp; Features</a></div></div></div><span class="submitted-by">Submitted by tara on Mon, 11/29/2021 - 10:30</span><div class="field field-name-field-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" rel="og:image rdfs:seeAlso" resource="https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/field/image/2china_see-ming_lee-flickr.jpg?itok=XCiPa6-S"><img typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/field/image/2china_see-ming_lee-flickr.jpg?itok=XCiPa6-S" width="480" height="320" alt="" /></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Over the past decades, the Chinese economy has been growing, at breakneck speed, largely fueled by tremendous export volumes, massive debt, and over-reliance on the real-estate sector. Now, manufacturing is suffering under ongoing coronavirus lockdowns, energy shortages, and supply-chain disruptions. The debt bubble seems about to burst, and the real-estate industry will be the first casualty, with ripples eventually being felt throughout China and the rest of the world.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">China’s overall manufacturing output has decreased. The manufacturing purchasing managers index (PMI), a measure of a country’s manufacturing activity, has <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-manufacturing-activity-contracts-for-second-straight-month-11635645642#:~:text=China's%20official%20manufacturing%20purchasing%20managers,the%20pandemic%20in%20February%202020." style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">dropped to 49.2</a>, the lowest number since the beginning of the pandemic, in February 2020. A PMI of less than 5 means that manufacturing has stopped growing. Domestic <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-27/china-s-recovery-is-coming-under-pressure-from-weak-demand" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">demand remains</a> weak. Imports <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-economy-q3-slowdown-evergrande-demand-energy-crunch-investment-2021-10" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">are slowing</a>. Debt is high, and overall, economic indicators are approaching levels not seen <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-16/china-s-property-crackdown-is-dragging-economy-to-lows-of-1990" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">since the 1990s</a>. </span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">China’s annual GDP growth may slow to the <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-economy-faces-risk-of-yearslong-real-estate-hangover-11636372801" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">3%-to-5%</a> range, rather than the 6%-and-over range, which it is accustomed to. Additionally, Xi Jinping’s zero-tolerance Covid policy is so destructive to the general economy that some experts believe if the measures are kept in place, next year’s GDP growth could <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/11/16/chinas-property-crackdown-sinks-economic-growth-to-90s-levels" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">drop to 4%.</a></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><img alt="" src="https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/sites/default/files/1xiping_kremlin-wikimedia_0.jpg" style="height:371px; width:600px" typeof="foaf:Image" /></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">The PRC’s total public debt has climbed to <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-20/china-s-debt-to-gdp-ratio-falls-for-fourth-straight-quarter" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">263% of GDP</a>. Real-estate sector debt is estimated to be at least <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/why-chinas-property-crash-isnt-a-new-lehman-moment/a-59716702#:~:text=The%20total%20combined%20debt%20of,scary%20enough%20number%20for%20you%3F" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">$5 trillion USD</a>. But this number does not include <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-17/china-s-6-trillion-hidden-debt-gets-stress-tested-in-downturn?utm_source=google&amp;utm_medium=bd&amp;cmpId=google" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">trillions of dollars'</a> worth of off-balance sheet lending, debt which does not appear on balance sheets.  </span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Most of China’s major banks are state-owned, and regularly engage in murky practices of lending money in such a way that it does not appear on the balance sheets of local governments. Local Government Funding Vehicles (LGVF) are companies that are formed for the sole purpose of borrowing money, used to fund the purchase of land. Local governments <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-17/china-s-6-trillion-hidden-debt-gets-stress-tested-in-downturn?utm_source=google&amp;utm_medium=bd&amp;cmpId=google" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">derive 40%</a> of their income from the sale of land. Technically, the borrower is a company, an LGFV, but actually, the local government is on the hook for these loans. </span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">As regulators crack down, they are finding that the actual, total indebtedness of local governments is dramatically higher than previously thought. No one knows the real total of LGFV debt, but some estimates have it has high as <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-17/china-s-6-trillion-hidden-debt-gets-stress-tested-in-downturn?utm_source=google&amp;utm_medium=bd&amp;cmpId=google" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">$7.8 trillion</a> USD, or <a href="https://tradingeconomics.com/china/gdp" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">half of China</a>’s GDP. Meanwhile, the entire real-estate sector is in decline, and local government incomes are dwindling.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">The $5 trillion in real-estate market debt is distributed over a number of business sectors, affecting everyone from investors and homebuyers, to companies that sell or transport cement and steel. <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/09/fed-says-chinas-real-estate-troubles-could-spill-over-to-the-us.html" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">Widespread defaults</a> could rock the entire economy, causing a drop in Chinese stocks, an increase in unemployment, and deflation. This would result in a sharp decline in the purchase of imported goods and raw materials, which has implications for the entire world. Developing countries, in particular, are dependent on exporting raw materials to China, used in construction and manufacturing. If those two sectors fall into crisis, some of the world’s poorest countries could sink deeper into poverty. </span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><img alt="" src="https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/sites/default/files/3china_trey_ratcliffe-flickr.jpg" style="height:397px; width:600px" typeof="foaf:Image" /></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">To mitigate further debt crisis, particularly in the real-estate sector, the Chinese Communist Party is cracking down on bank-lending processes and increasing scrutiny of credit. This may or may not be a good long-term strategy to avoid a similar issue in the future. It does, however, mean that credit will become tight in the short to medium turn, which will result in an economic slump. Real-estate accounts for <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-economy-faces-risk-of-yearslong-real-estate-hangover-11636372801#:~:text=Real%20estate%20and%20other%20related,to%20calculations%20by%20Oxford%20Economics." style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">about 24%</a> of the economy, whereas in the U.S. and other developed countries, real estate only <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-economy-faces-risk-of-yearslong-real-estate-hangover-11636372801" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">accounts for 15%</a>. The real-estate sector not being able to obtain financing will cause a sweeping economic downturn and unemployment. It will also cause a tremendous loss of savings for families. </span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Xi has urged the public not to speculate on the real-estate market, as this drives up home prices. He has also said that he wants to make <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-economy-faces-risk-of-yearslong-real-estate-hangover-11636372801" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">housing affordable</a> for citizens, and so is intentionally causing price deflation in the real-estate market. And while this may favor new homebuyers, it means that everyone else purchased their home when it was expensive, and is now paying off debt for an asset that has depreciated in value. </span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">For U.S. households, real-estate makes up <a href="https://deltawealthadvisors.com/blog/what-percentage-of-net-worth-should-be-in-real-estate#:~:text=It%20is%20commonly%20agreed%20that,of%20investment%20and%20wealth%20development." style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">about 25% to 40%</a> of net worth. But in China, it is <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4589866/#:~:text=The%20largest%20component%20of%20household%20wealth%2C%20housing%20assets%20contributed%20an,total%20household%20wealth%20in%20China." style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">around 74%</a>. Even worse, homes are so expensive in China that this wealth is multigenerational. With a one-child policy, a young Chinese person may be the only child and only grandchild of a total of six adults, all of whom would contribute money to a first-time home purchase. </span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><img alt="" src="https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/sites/default/files/4china_mike_coghlan-flickr.jpg" style="height:450px; width:600px" typeof="foaf:Image" /></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">In Shanghai, China’s largest, most developed, and most fashionable city, the average salary is just <a href="https://knoema.com/atlas/China/Shanghai/Average-wage-of-Employed-Persons#:~:text=In%202019%2C%20average%20wage%20of,average%20annual%20rate%20of%209.53%25." style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">over $1,000 USD</a> per month. With a 1,000-square-foot apartment selling for <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2017/03/19/shanghai-housing-prices-completely-unsustainable/#:~:text=Every%20year%20China%20investors%20are,or%20around%20five%20million%20yuan." style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">$725,000 USD</a>, it is no wonder that most young people cannot afford to buy a home without the help of their family. </span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Additionally, due to the increased lending restrictions at banks, it may be difficult for new buyer to obtain credit to purchase homes. Already, new home starts and housing projects have <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/11/16/chinas-property-crackdown-sinks-economic-growth-to-90s-levels" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">fallen by 33%</a> year-on-year, with a 10% decline predicted for next year.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">Despite so many domestic issues, Beijing’s exports and <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-07/china-trade-surplus-can-cushion-but-can-t-stop-economic-slowdown" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">trade surplus</a> continue to grow. As countries begin to open and global demand steadily increases, China’s exports will cushion its economic decay, but exports may not be enough to completely stop it. Exports are expected to grow by 24% this year, but exports only <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-07/china-trade-surplus-can-cushion-but-can-t-stop-economic-slowdown" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">account for 20%</a> of the economy, not enough to offset a weakening domestic economy, and definitely not enough to mitigate the potential havoc that a real-estate and financial-sector collapse could cause.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said that a crisis in China’s real-estate sector <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/09/fed-says-chinas-real-estate-troubles-could-spill-over-to-the-us.html" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">could strain</a> the entire Chinese economy, spilling over to the U.S. This is one of the first times that the U.S. authorities have included an <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/09/fed-says-chinas-real-estate-troubles-could-spill-over-to-the-us.html" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">economic threat</a> from China as one of their significant policy-making factors. </span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">The negative impacts of a collapse in China would be wide-sweeping, affecting everything from bank balance sheets, availability of capital, and consumer purchases, to employment, as well as the lifetime savings of citizens, which could evaporate overnight. </span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif">The possible impact on the developing world is that countries dependent on exporting raw materials to China will see their economies retract, causing unemployment and hardship. The impact on the U.S. will most likely be limited to those Americans and American entities that are heavily invested in China. Having said that, there are trillions of U.S. dollars, in pension funds and investment funds, invested in Chinese companies traded on U.S. exchanges. While a collapse in China probably will not affect the U.S. economy as a whole, many individuals and companies in the U.S. could suffer. </span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>Author Bio:</strong></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>Antonio Graceffo is a Ph.D., and also holds a China-MBA from Shanghai Jiaotong University. He works as an economics professor and China economic analyst, writing for various international media. Some of his books include: <em>The Wrestler’s Dissertation, Warrior Odyssey, Beyond the Belt </em>and<em> Road: China’s Global Economic Expansion, and A Short Course on the Chinese Economy.</em></strong></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>For Highbrow Magazine</strong></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><strong>Image Sources:</strong></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><em>--See-ming Lee (</em><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/48973657@N00/14469367558" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><em>Flickr,</em></a><em> Creative Commons)</em></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><em>--Trey Ratcliff (</em><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/95572727@N00/8979118188" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><em>Flickr</em></a><em>, Creative Commons)</em></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><em>--The Kremlin (</em><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Xi_Jinping_(2017-07-07).jpg" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><em>Wikimedia</em></a><em>, Creative Commons)</em></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><em>--Mike Coghlan (</em><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/mikecogh/14101788862/in/photostream/" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><em>Flickr</em></a><em>, Creative Commons)</em></span></span></p> <p> </p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Tags:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/china" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">China</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/xi-ping" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">xi ping</a></div><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/chinese-economy" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">chinese economy</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/inflation" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">inflation</a></div><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/gdp" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">gdp</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/economic-collapse" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">economic collapse</a></div><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/us-economy" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">u.s. economy</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/southeast-asia" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Southeast Asia</a></div><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/chinese-government" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">chinese government</a></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-author field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Antonio Graceffo</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pop field-type-list-boolean field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Popular:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">not popular</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-bot field-type-list-boolean field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Bottom Slider:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Out Slider</div></div></div> Mon, 29 Nov 2021 15:30:17 +0000 tara 10767 at https://www.highbrowmagazine.com https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/17093-china-s-economy-teeters-while-xi-tightens-his-grip#comments An Eye on Africa’s Faltering Economy https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/2881-eye-africa-s-faltering-economy <div class="field field-name-field-cat field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="/news-features" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">News &amp; Features</a></div></div></div><span class="submitted-by">Submitted by tara on Thu, 10/10/2013 - 09:58</span><div class="field field-name-field-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" rel="og:image rdfs:seeAlso" resource="https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/field/image/1african.jpg?itok=Ih2fAiFB"><img typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/field/image/1african.jpg?itok=Ih2fAiFB" width="480" height="268" alt="" /></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p>  </p> <p> From <a href="http://allafrica.com/">allAfrica</a> and our content partner, <a href="http://newamericamedia.org/2013/10/africa-isnt-rising-say-ordinary-africans.php">New America Media</a>:</p> <p>  </p> <p> JOHANNESBURG—African leaders, foreign investors and formal indicators of economic growth may say that "Africa is rising" - but most ordinary Africans don't agree.</p> <p>  </p> <p> A pioneering new survey of public opinion in 34 countries across the continent suggests that the relatively high average growth in gross domestic product (GDP) reported in recent years is not reflected in the experiences of most citizens.</p> <p>  </p> <p> An average of one in five Africans still often goes without food, clean water or medical care. Only one in three think economic conditions in their country are good. Fifty-three percent say they are "fairly bad" or "very bad".</p> <p>  </p> <p> The survey suggests that either the benefits of growth are being disproportionately channeled to a wealthy elite or that official statistics are overstating average growth rates (or possibly a combination of both).</p> <p>  </p> <p> The survey was directed by Afrobarometer, a research project coordinated by independent institutions in Ghana, Benin, Kenya and South Africa, with partners in 31 other countries. Afrobarometer says the margin of error in its face-to-face public opinion surveys is around 2 percent. It has been surveying public opinion in 12 countries since 1999, but has grown to include 35 countries for the period 2011 to 2013.</p> <p>  </p> <p> The results of the latest survey - released in Johannesburg on Tuesday - are the first to reflect public opinion across such a wide swathe of the continent. Interviews for the survey were carried out between October 2011 and June this year.</p> <p>  </p> <p> Speaking at the release of the results, Boniface Dulani of the University of Malawi, the project's operational field manager, said they indicated that three-quarters of Africans thought their governments were doing badly in closing the gap between rich and poor. Nevertheless, most remained optimistic about the future - with west and north Africans more optimistic than east Africans, and southern Africans "somewhere in the middle".</p> <p>  </p> <p> A policy brief analyzing the results said the data, "based on the views and experiences of ordinary citizens", shed light on the debate over whether growth is helping reduce poverty, "suggesting that doubts about the extent of progress achieved in the fight against poverty are well founded".</p> <p>  </p> <p> In the 16 countries surveyed over a period of a decade, there was little evidence for systematic reduction of the poverty experienced by ordinary citizens, despite average GDP growth rates of 4.8 percent, the brief added.</p> <p>  </p> <p> While "lived poverty" was reduced in Cape Verde, Ghana, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe, it increased in Botswana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa and Tanzania.</p> <p>  </p> <p> Professsor Robert Mattes of the University of Cape Town, a co-director of the project, said the data suggested that the reduction in poverty in Zimbabwe was a consequence of the formation of a coalition government after the 2008 elections.</p> <p>  </p> <p> Respondents across all 34 countries were asked how often they had gone without basic necessities in the past year:</p> <p>  </p> <p style="margin-left:.5in;"> •           53 percent of the sample said they had sometimes gone without medical care, with 20 percent saying they had gone without many times;</p> <p> •          </p> <p> •           50 percent said they had gone without food sometimes (17 percent many times);</p> <p> •          </p> <p> •           49 percent had gone without water sometimes (21 percent many times);</p> <p> •          </p> <p style="margin-left:.5in;"> •           41 percent had gone without cooking fuel sometimes (13 percent many times);</p> <p> •          </p> <p style="margin-left:.5in;"> •           76 percent said they had gone without cash income sometimes in the past year (44 percent many times).</p> <p> •          </p> <p> <img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/2african%20%28Marhoons%20Flickr%29.jpg" style="width: 650px; height: 441px;" /></p> <p>  </p> <p> Other findings of the survey:</p> <p>  </p> <p> •           "People in Burundi, Guinea, Niger, Senegal and Togo experienced the highest average levels of lived poverty, while those living in Algeria and Mauritius experienced the lowest.</p> <p> •          </p> <p> •           "People living in countries undergoing or emerging from conflicts appear to be particularly vulnerable to lived poverty, especially food shortages. Five of the seven countries that experience the highest levels of nutritional deprivation - Burundi, Liberia, Madagascar, Sierra Leone and Niger - are all emerging from recent conflicts. And the two worst performers in North Africa - Egypt and Sudan - have recently faced internal conflicts as well.</p> <p> •          </p> <p> •           "Comparing regional experiences of lived poverty, we find that both West and East Africans encounter the most shortages, while North Africans experience the lowest levels of deprivation."</p> <p> •          </p> <p> Afrobarometer also said that rural people tended to be poorer than citizens living in urban areas, and that those with access to electricity, water, paved roads, sewage systems and health clinics were usually better off than those without.</p> <p>  </p> <p> Countries included in the 2013 results are: Algeria, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Results from Ethiopia, the 35th country to be surveyed, are still being compiled.</p> <p>  </p> <p> The core partners coordinating the Afrobarometer are the Ghana Center for Democratic Development, the Institute for Empirical Research in Political Economy in Benin, the Institute for Development Studies at the University of Nairobi, the Institute for Justice and Reconciliation in South Africa and the Department of Political Science at Michigan State University in the United States, backed by another 30 independent research institutes in universities and the private sector in each of the countries surveyed.</p> <p>  </p> <p> <a href="http://allafrica.com/">allAfrica</a></p> <p>  </p> <p> <em><strong>Photos: New America Media; Mahroons (Flickr).</strong></em></p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Tags:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/africa" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">africa</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/african-economy" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">african economy</a></div><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/african-nations" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">african nations</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/poor-0" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">the poor</a></div><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/economy-0" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">the economy</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/welfare" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">welfare</a></div><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/food-shortage" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">food shortage</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/gdp" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">gdp</a></div><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/african-continent" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">african continent</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/poverty" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">poverty</a></div><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/starvation" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">starvation</a></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-author field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">John Allen</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pop field-type-list-boolean field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Popular:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">not popular</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-photographer field-type-text field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Photographer:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">New America Media</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-bot field-type-list-boolean field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Bottom Slider:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Out Slider</div></div></div> Thu, 10 Oct 2013 13:58:26 +0000 tara 3655 at https://www.highbrowmagazine.com https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/2881-eye-africa-s-faltering-economy#comments