Highbrow Magazine - HIV https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/hiv en How France Is Persuading Its Citizens to Get Vaccinated https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/10032-how-france-persuading-its-citizens-get-vaccinated <div class="field field-name-field-cat field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="/news-features" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">News &amp; Features</a></div></div></div><span class="submitted-by">Submitted by tara on Mon, 07/01/2019 - 12:42</span><div class="field field-name-field-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" rel="og:image rdfs:seeAlso" resource="https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/field/image/1vaccines_james_gillray_-_the_cow_pock_-_wikimedia.jpg?itok=-Y7v9dzG"><img typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/field/image/1vaccines_james_gillray_-_the_cow_pock_-_wikimedia.jpg?itok=-Y7v9dzG" width="480" height="338" alt="" /></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p> </p> <p><strong><em>**This is an excerpt from an article that first appeared in <a href="https://mosaicscience.com/story/how-france-persuading-its-citizens-get-vaccinated-measles-antivax-vaccines-vaccination/">Mosaic</a>. (Reprinted with permission under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.) Read the rest of the article <a href="https://mosaicscience.com/story/how-france-persuading-its-citizens-get-vaccinated-measles-antivax-vaccines-vaccination/">here</a>. </em></strong></p> <p> </p> <p>In February this year, a holiday in paradise turned into a nightmare for one French family. Soon after their arrival in Costa Rica, their unvaccinated 5-year-old son developed measles, the country’s first case since 2014. The parents, also unvaccinated, tested positive for the virus too. They were believed to have brought it from France.</p> <p> </p> <p>The family were swiftly quarantined, and the Costa Rican authorities contacted people at risk. A few weeks later, two American children – again, unvaccinated – also developed measles in the country. Again, the authorities had to act quickly to contain it.</p> <p> </p> <p>Measles is more contagious than Ebola, tuberculosis or flu; it has no specific treatment; and it can be picked up from the air or from surfaces for as long as two hours after an infected person has come and gone. Because it’s so infectious, health experts see it as an early warning sign that there’s a problem with vaccination coverage.</p> <p> </p> <p> “Measles is like a canary in the mine,” says Heidi Larson, director of the Vaccine Confidence Project and a professor of anthropology at the London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine. To protect a population from measles, she says, at least 95 percent of people need to be vaccinated – a higher threshold than for most other infections. This means that if vaccination rates start falling, “it’s going to be the first to show its ugly head.</p> <p> </p> <p>When last measured in 2017, Costa Rica had a vaccination rate of 96 percent for the disease – a clear sign that its people shouldn’t have been at risk from each other. That same year, France’s measles coverage stood at only 90 percent.</p> <p> </p> <p>This isn’t surprising in light of the widespread concern about childhood vaccines in France. One in three French people think vaccines are unsafe – the world’s highest rate – and nearly one in five believe they aren’t effective – second only to Liberia. This is according to new data from the Wellcome Global Monitor, a worldwide poll of more than 140,000 people in 144 countries.</p> <p> </p> <p>France may be on the extreme end, but it’s part of a global trend that has many health experts worried.</p> <p> </p> <p>Trust in vaccination programs is crucial to maintaining high immunity rates. But across the EU, people are delaying or even refusing vaccines, contributing to a rise in disease outbreaks.</p> <p> </p> <p>Between 2010 and 2017, over half a million French infants didn’t receive a first dose of the measles vaccine. And last year, France was among the ten countries with the highest year-on-year increases in measles, with confirmed cases jumping from just over 500 in 2017 to nearly 3,000 in 2018.</p> <p> </p> <p>According to the World Health Organization (WHO), reluctance or refusal to vaccinate is now one of the top-10 major threats to global health. One manifestation of this is that even people in high-income countries, with good healthcare systems, are dying from easily preventable diseases. More than 70 people died of measles across Europe in 2018 – three of them in France.</p> <p> </p> <p><img alt="" src="https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/sites/default/files/2vaccines_kfuhlert_-_pixabay.jpg" style="height:415px; width:623px" /></p> <p> </p> <p>“It’s a tragedy for Europe that a child or an adult has died because of a preventable disease,” says Patrick O’Connor, a team lead in WHO Europe’s Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and Immunization program. “We owe it to them to protect them.”</p> <p> </p> <p>A critical mass of unvaccinated people produces a wildfire effect, O’Connor adds. “Next year it could be diphtheria, or a variety of things.”</p> <p> </p> <p>“The good news is that a lot of people who are skeptical, who don’t think vaccines are safe, still vaccinate their children,” says Hania Farhan, senior director of methodology at Gallup, which carried out the Wellcome Global Monitor poll.</p> <p> </p> <p>This is true for France, where vaccine coverage rates exceed levels of trust. But the spike in measles shows that, for some diseases, coverage still desperately needs to improve.</p> <p> </p> <p> “It’s all about money for the pharmaceutical companies,” says Priscille, a young mother who lives in Paris. Like many French parents, she is unsure about vaccinating her child. The 25-year-old doubts the effectiveness of injections, and is worried about damaging her baby’s immune system, even though there’s no evidence to support these fears.</p> <p> </p> <p>“I think the immune system builds itself, and if it’s broken somewhere, it becomes complicated,” she says, holding her daughter, Madeleine, in the family’s apartment.</p> <p> </p> <p>“Maybe the basic idea of a vaccine is very good,” she adds, “but the vaccines we have today are not good enough.”</p> <p> </p> <p>This lack of trust in vaccines, despite overwhelming evidence that they are safe and effective, can be traced at least in part to the French government’s mishandling of a series of medical scares.</p> <p> </p> <p>A blood transfusion scandal rocked the country in the 1990s. In the previous decade, thousands of people had been given blood contaminated with HIV – most of them before the link between blood, HIV and AIDS was fully understood. Many of those who received contaminated blood died.</p> <p> </p> <p>Global headlines screamed “Transfusion of Death” and “Blood Scandal Ministers Walk Free” as the world’s media tracked it for nearly a decade.</p> <p> </p> <p>Former Health Minister Edmond Hervé was convicted for his role in two people being given HIV-tainted blood, though he was spared a sentence. He was alleged to have delayed introducing a blood-screening test developed by an American firm until a rival French product was ready for market.</p> <p> </p> <p>On the heels of this scandal came reports from medical professionals who claimed to have developed multiple sclerosis after receiving the hepatitis B vaccine. Although the WHO investigated and concluded there was no evidence of a link, the government suspended its school vaccination program and promised to investigate in a bid to calm public outcry.</p> <p> </p> <p>“But suspending it also raised suspicions,” says Heidi Larson.</p> <p> </p> <p>Then in 2009, controversy around vaccinations to protect against the H1N1 flu pandemic led to an “absolute, total breakdown of trust,” Larson says.</p> <p> </p> <p><br /> <img alt="" src="https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/sites/default/files/3vaccines_cdc_wikimedia.jpg" style="height:412px; width:625px" /></p> <p> </p> <p>France had ordered 94 million doses of H1N1 vaccine at a cost of almost 1 billion euros. It was enough to inoculate about 80 percent of the population with two doses. But by the time the bulk of the vaccines had been delivered, it was realized that only one dose was necessary, and in any case the pandemic was less dangerous than initially thought. By the end of the vaccination campaign in January 2010, less than 10 percent of the population had come forward for vaccination, and the government was trying to cancel or sell off its surplus supplies.</p> <p> </p> <p>“The public was angry at the WHO for what they thought was overinflation of the risk, angry at the government for having bought so much vaccine,” Larson says.</p> <p> </p> <p>The percentage of people who were favorable towards vaccinations fell from 91 percent in 2000 to 61 percent in 2010, according to national health agency Santé publique France. By 2016 it had recovered somewhat, but only to 75 percent.</p> <p> </p> <p>Until the late 1980s, the French media rarely covered health-related scandals. Journalists focused on the great achievements of medicine and relied almost exclusively on bigshot professors at big universities, says Jeremy Ward, a researcher on vaccine hesitancy at the VITROME laboratory in Marseille.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong><em>**This is an excerpt from an article that first appeared in <a href="https://mosaicscience.com/story/how-france-persuading-its-citizens-get-vaccinated-measles-antivax-vaccines-vaccination/">Mosaic</a>. (Reprinted with permission under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.) Read the rest of the article <a href="https://mosaicscience.com/story/how-france-persuading-its-citizens-get-vaccinated-measles-antivax-vaccines-vaccination/">here</a>. </em></strong></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Images: </strong></p> <p><strong>James Gillray illustration, <em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_cow_pock.jpg">The Cow Pock</a></em> (1802) (Wikipedia); <a href="https://pixabay.com/images/search/vaccination/">Pixabay</a> (Creative Commons); <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Measles_pneumonia_-_Histopathology.jpg">Wikimedia.org</a> (Creative Commons). </strong></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Highbrow Magazine</strong></p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Tags:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/vaccines" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">vaccines</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/vaccinations" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">vaccinations</a></div><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/measles" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">measles</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/france" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">France</a></div><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/world-health-organizations" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">world health organizations</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/hiv" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">HIV</a></div><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/getting-vaccinated" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">getting vaccinated</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/immunity-disease" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">immunity from disease</a></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-author field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Alex Whiting</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pop field-type-list-boolean field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Popular:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">not popular</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-photographer field-type-text field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Photographer:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">James Gillray illustration, The Cow Pock (1802) (Wikipedia); Pixabay (Creative Commons); Wikimedia.org (Creative Commons).</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-bot field-type-list-boolean field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Bottom Slider:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Out Slider</div></div></div> Mon, 01 Jul 2019 16:42:36 +0000 tara 8817 at https://www.highbrowmagazine.com https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/10032-how-france-persuading-its-citizens-get-vaccinated#comments The Impact of HIV/AIDS on the Over-50 Population https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/3454-impact-hivaids-over-population <div class="field field-name-field-cat field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="/news-features" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">News &amp; Features</a></div></div></div><span class="submitted-by">Submitted by tara on Fri, 01/17/2014 - 10:48</span><div class="field field-name-field-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" rel="og:image rdfs:seeAlso" resource="https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/field/image/1hiv.jpg?itok=eW1EfmhW"><img typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/field/image/1hiv.jpg?itok=eW1EfmhW" width="480" height="268" alt="" /></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p> </p> <p><strong>From the Bay Area Reporter/New America Media</strong><strong>:</strong></p> <p> </p> <p> <br /> NEW ORLEANS--As the global AIDS epidemic continues to age, greater focus is being paid to older adults living with HIV.<br /> <br /> AIDS advocates are calling on service providers and health departments to tailor HIV prevention services, including HIV testing, to meet the needs of people age 50 or older. And new guidelines for doctors with patients with HIV are being released that highlight the need to focus on preventive care. <br /> <br /> The issue of an aging HIV and AIDS population has been a growing focus for local health officials for several years now, with new programs being developed to address the specific needs older adults are confronting due to the AIDS epidemic.<br /> <br /> <strong>San Francisco’s 50-Plus HIV/AIDS Majority</strong><br /> <br /> A 2011 Bay Area Reporter story noted that for the first time people 50-plus accounted for the majority of people living with an AIDS diagnosis in San Francisco.<br /> <br /> The 2012 HIV/AIDS Epidemiology Report released by San Francisco’s Department of Public Health revealed decreasing proportions of HIV/AIDS diagnoses for those ages 30-49, but a sharp rise for those 50-plus from 42 to 51 percent between 2009 and 2012. <br /> <br /> San Francisco had 8,063 people living with HIV in 2012, plus 5,150 in the 40-49 age group. Nationally, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports there were 872,990 people living with HIV in 2010, 31 percent of them 50 or more. <br /> <br /> By 2015, CDC predicts that more than half of people living with HIV will be 50-plus. <br /> <br /> "That is a pretty daunting statistic,” said University of Washington, Tacoma, social work professor Charles A. Emlet. "But guess what? Older people have sex and are at risk for HIV regardless of sexual orientation."<br /> <br /> During the Gerontological Society of America's recent scientific meeting in New Orleans, Emlet presented a paper titled "The Impact of HIV on the Lives of LGBT Older Adults."<br /> <br /> Emlet based the paper on data from the <a href="http://caringandaging.org/">Caring and Aging with Pride</a> (CAP) project, a national study of more than 2,500 LGBT older adults that issued a groundbreaking report in 2011. The researchers estimated that 9 percent of the LGBT older adults in the survey were living with HIV or AIDS. They found that the average age was 66 with 58 percent gay men. About half were living at or below 200 percent of the federal poverty level.</p> <p><img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/2HIV%20%28Manfred%20Werner%20Wiki%29.jpg" style="height:431px; width:625px" /></p> <p><br /> <strong>“Double Jeopardy”</strong><br /> <br /> "People didn't expect to live. Then antiretroviral therapy came along and they are living longer and healthy lives," said Emlet, who began working on AIDS issues in Northern California from the late 1980s through 1999. <br /> <br /> Those living with HIV/AIDS were less likely to have children, were more likely to live alone and have experienced the death of a partner, according to the CAP study paper's findings. The loss of their same-sex partner usually led to the loss of social support as people grow older with HIV, found the researchers.<br /> <br /> There is "the possibility of double jeopardy," said Emlet, from living longer with HIV and having elevated stress levels. The respondents in the national study reported having more anxiety and thoughts of suicide. They were also were more apt to be lonely.<br /> <br /> "There was no difference in their physical health compared to HIV-negative people. But HIV-positive people had significantly lower mental health," reported Emlet. "Clearly, there is an issue around social support and social connectedness with this population."<br /> <br /> Data from the CAP study was unclear on whether the health issues older adults with HIV/AIDS face stem from the virus, age or the effects of medications they must take. The CAP project has received federal funding to conduct a longitudinal study of older LGBT adults that could provide more insight.<br /> <br /> The current survey data "begins to paint a picture of pretty serious risk for these individuals," said Emlet. "HIV appears to have additional impacts on LGBT older adults."</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Author Bio:</strong><br /> <em>Matthew S. Bajko wrote this article for</em> Bay Area Reporter, <em>which published </em><a href="http://bit.ly/1kmNnMe"><em>a longer version</em></a><em>, through the MetLife Foundation Journalists in Aging Fellowships, a program of New America Media and the Gerontological Society of America.</em></p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Tags:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/aids" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">AIDS</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/hiv" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">HIV</a></div><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/aging" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">aging</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/elderly-people-aids" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">elderly people with aids</a></div><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/treating-hiv" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">treating hiv</a></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-author field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Matthew Bajko</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pop field-type-list-boolean field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Popular:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">not popular</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-bot field-type-list-boolean field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Bottom Slider:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Out Slider</div></div></div> Fri, 17 Jan 2014 15:48:36 +0000 tara 4139 at https://www.highbrowmagazine.com https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/3454-impact-hivaids-over-population#comments Majority of People Living With HIV in the U.S. Are Not in Successful Treatment https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/majority-people-living-hiv-us-are-not-successful-treatment <div class="field field-name-field-cat field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="/news-features" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">News &amp; Features</a></div></div></div><span class="submitted-by">Submitted by tara on Fri, 12/02/2011 - 13:21</span><div class="field field-name-field-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" rel="og:image rdfs:seeAlso" resource="https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/field/image/mediumHIVphoto.jpg?itok=uZa-HJju"><img typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/field/image/mediumHIVphoto.jpg?itok=uZa-HJju" width="480" height="268" alt="" /></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p>  </p> <p> From <a href="http://newamericamedia.org/news/">New America Media</a> and <a href="http://colorlines.com/">Color Lines</a>: Less than a third of people living with HIV/AIDS in the United States are in successful enough treatment that they will remain healthy and reduce the likelihood of transmitting the virus to their partners, according to the the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health officials believe they must dramatically boost that number in order to control the epidemic, which has ravaged black communities in particular and is still growing among black gay and bisexual men.</p> <p>  </p> <p> The CDC released its latest update on the HIV/AIDS epidemic on Tuesday, in advance of World AIDS Day on Dec. 1. This spring marked 30 years since the public health agency first reported on the condition that would later be identified as HIV infection. Roughly half of those living with HIV/AIDS in the U.S. are black, as are roughly half of those who are newly infected each year.</p> <p>  </p> <p> Reducing what’s called a patient’s “viral load” is a core part of HIV treatment. The more virus that’s circulating in your blood, the weaker your immune system becomes and the more likely you are to develop a fatal illness. Treatment specialists believe a viral count under 550 copies of the virus per milliliter of blood is the magic number to stay healthy; go above that mark and you should start taking anti-retroviral drugs, they say.</p> <p>  </p> <p> But CDC officials have also said that a viral load below 200 meaningfully reduces the risk of transmitting the virus to a sexual partner. Tuesday, the CDC reported that only 28 percent of the estimated 1.2 million Americans living with HIV have viral counts that low. That news comes as a dampener to promising news earlier this year, when researchers found that successful treatment lowered the likelihood of transmitting HIV by a shocking 96 percent.</p> <p>  </p> <p> Federal health officials also estimate that 20 percent of people with the virus remain unaware altogether of their status because they have not been tested. CDC has long pointed out that new infections are driven overwhelmingly by people who don’t know they are HIV positive.</p> <p>  </p> <p> Still, the findings released last Tuesday suggest that many people who have been tested and have gotten into treatment aren’t succeeding in lowering their viral loads. Moreover, there appears to be a racial disparity in who is and is not succeeding. A 2009-2010 study of adults with HIV in New York City, Los Angeles County, Philadelphia, Florida, Puerto Rico and 18 other jurisdictions found that 80 percent of white patients and 79 percent of Latino patients who received anti-retroviral therapy saw their viral levels fall below the 200 threshold. But only 70 percent of black patients who received treatment suppressed their viral counts.</p> <p>  </p> <p> Jonathan Mermin, director of the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention at the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and Tuberculosis Prevention, conceded that it “is not completely known” what causes that racial disparity. He pointed out that there are “a lot of challenges even among those prescribed ART” that could come into play. Black communities overall suffer higher rates of unemployment and poverty that block access to health care. Access to transportation, homophobia, stigma or even migration are other potential factors getting in the way of more successful treatment.</p> <p>  </p> <p> Previous studies have also found that African-Americans arrive in treatment late in the life of their HIV infection—which means, like any other health problem, it’s far more difficult to treat successfully. “We know that anti-retroviral therapy is available and effective,” said Janet Weinberg of Gay Men’s Health Crisis. “However, we have to increase access to treatment and provide culturally competent education, training and counseling—especially in communities where there are higher rates of HIV.”</p> <p>  </p> <p> The CDC’s concern about viral loads as a matter of HIV prevention, not just treatment, reflects a growing emphasis in public health on what’s called biomedical prevention of the virus’ spread. Researchers are exploring microbicides that could block transmission. Others are developing the use of anti-retroviral drug regimens for people who are negative as a way to stop transmission from positive sexual partners. And public health officials are increasingly focused on treatment of people who are positive as prevention. In May, a National Institutes of Health study of heterosexual couples found that people who begin HIV treatments while their immune systems remain relatively strong are 96 percent less likely to pass the virus along to partners.</p> <p>  </p> <p> “This is a very important finding because it shows that treatment for HIV can prevent the spread of HIV to others,” said CDC Director Thomas Frieden.</p> <p> --<a href="http://newamericamedia.org/2011/12/majority-of-people-living-with-hiv-in-us-arent-in-successful-treatment.php">New America Media</a></p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Tags:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/hiv" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">HIV</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/aids" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">AIDS</a></div><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/cdc" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">CDC</a></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-author field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Michael Lavers and Kai Wright</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pop field-type-list-boolean field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Popular:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">not popular</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-bot field-type-list-boolean field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Bottom Slider:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Out Slider</div></div></div> Fri, 02 Dec 2011 18:21:17 +0000 tara 288 at https://www.highbrowmagazine.com https://www.highbrowmagazine.com/majority-people-living-hiv-us-are-not-successful-treatment#comments